The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay

The Story Of The Flivver King History Essay In the account of the Flivver King, Upton Sinclair composed this book from the period in the mid twentieth century about of one of Americans most renowned independent business pioneers of the twentieth century, Henry Ford. The creator clarifies the story through the eyes of an anecdotal character that reveres Ford since early on, that character is Abner Shutt. Abner is the primary character in the book and from his perspective Sinclair shows the peruser how Ford began as a man who was believed to be a crazy person for his thoughts of making a carriage that can move without the assistance of a pony, to getting one of the most powerful individuals of his time. The story follows the thoughts and development of what might turn into the Ford Motor Company through the eyes of the Shutt family, fundamentally Abner since he in the end works for Ford and advances himself in the organization gradually. The story additionally shows how Abner develops into a family man who works for Ford for a l ong time and how Henry Ford begins with incredible aims, splendid standards, and trusts in his organization and the laborers in it. As appeared in the book, one of Fords trusts toward the start of the story is that he would have the option to have his laborers procure enough cash so they may likewise have the way to purchase a vehicle. Upton Sinclair shows how Ford changes during the story and how toward the finish of the story, Ford and his standards are changed by power and two or three billion of dollars. The worshiped pioneer of Ford had become his very own detainee riches and influence. In this story, Upton Sinclair needs the laborer who is Abner Shutt to assemble with different specialists and structure a solid trade guild. During the story Abner isn't standing by to arrange anything like a Union at Ford because of his convictions of what Henry Ford is about as an individual and how much difficulty it can conceivably get him in. Sinclair initially composed this book for the United Automobile Workers of America in the late 1930s so individuals during this timespan would comprehend that laborers ought to have some essential rights to work in a protected domain with reasonable hours and pay. Right now when the new century rolled over, a significant number of the laborers who might move to America for work would frequently be abused at numerous levels. This occurred in a wide range of production lines other than the car processing plants; Sinclair had seen assembly line laborer misuse direct in meat pressing industrial facilities. Upton Sinclair was attempting to be si mply one more creator as well as a progressive lobbyist for the laborers, who endeavored to show individuals firsthand what laborers needed to manage when they were in the processing plants. By making books like the Flivver King, Sinclair was endeavoring to show how much force the pioneers of a significant organization can have and how it is exploitative. Sinclair likewise shows how the force hungry pioneers can begin with well meaning goals and afterward simply hunger for increasingly more force. During this time Upton Sinclair understood that during this time when America was in another major modern unrest after Ford and the introduction of the significant vehicle industry. Individuals who had goals like Sinclair needed to see increasingly government guidelines in the American car industry and he was indicating how organization pioneers like Henry Ford would be against guideline and capacity to the laborers since he feels that he would need to have the most conceivable command ove r his organization and laborers all in all. Upton Sinclair felt that our country as of now expected to set up a solid association where the laborers can really find support from a more grounded association while conflicting with the organizations. Sinclair needed a solid Union to enable specialists to get what he feels they merit, rather than turning out to be simply one more gear-tooth in the machine known as the mishandled mechanical workforce at that point. Subsequent to perusing this book one would feel that the motivation behind why there is no solid nearness of a worker's guild in this nation is a direct result of the hazard that it introduced for laborers at that point. In the Flivver King, Henry Ford utilized hooligans and goons to threaten individuals from not creating an uproar and not bringing the any sort of association into his organization. Upton Sinclair said this in the book, as an ambushed American communist in a general public that is commonly unsympathetic to the situation of the less blessed, Sinclair conte mplated the subject of why Socialism didn't increase a decent footing in the brains of the American laborers. (Sinclair, Preface viii, xi) Reading this from Sinclair causes the peruser to accept that since communism didn't increase a strong ground in the attitudes of the assembly line laborers at the time forestalled an opportunity and at a solid worker's guild, and it shows the peruser that Americans can show minimal thoughtful to the individuals who don't have a way of life just as their own. Subsequent to understanding this, unmistakably Sinclair feels sorry for the American specialist of this timeframe and he feels that on the off chance that they could have grasped an increasingly communist mentality, there could have been an association to shield them from being misused and conceivably terminated just by referencing the general concept of attempting to begin or go along with anything like an association. Different issues in the work place were laborers being murdered by differ ent components like poor or hazardous work conditions, brutal dissent and strikes, and being beaten hooligans. Sinclair felt that due to the troublesome working conditions, a guideline was required from a higher force, and that higher force would be our own one of a kind government. He likewise felt that the individuals expected to stand up and accomplish something with the goal for anything to occur. In the book, Sinclair utilizes Abners child Tom for instance of individual attempting to have any kind of effect by endeavoring to make worker's guilds for car laborers a reality. Tom Shutt who was a college alum from the University of Michigan was at one time a specialist at a Ford gear plant, he was in the long run was recorded as a difficulty producer by the organization and he was demonstrated working for the United Auto Workers. Tom would go into the towns where Ford had extraordinary impact he would attempt to show individuals how they can get the organization to join the association. This end up being a hazardous activity, particularly in the towns where The Ford Motor Company had a solid effect. Likewise Sinclair gives us that eagerness that was a typical topic in the book didn't assist any endeavors with starting trade guilds in the vehicle business. Sinclair accepted that since characters like Ford had such a lot of cash and force at that point, they could likewise acquire political impact by endeavoring to encourage the individuals to cast a ballot a for a specific applicant so their arrangements can keep up the state of affairs and keep worker's guilds from turning into a reality. Only a couple of years after this book was composed there was a continuous fight for Ford to Unionize, the United Auto Workers won, and now even today Ford Motor Company is a piece of the UAW. In the story, Upton Sinclair utilized the fundamental characters here and there or another to help his contentions for why there ought to be a worker's guild for the laborers in the auto plants. With his delineation of Henry Ford an independent extremely rich person who gets tainted by the cash, influence, and the very domain he made. From the start individuals thought of Ford a weirdo with grand thoughts, Abners mother said on the absolute first page of the book that he is an insane individual who is simply wasting time throughout the day. After Ford refutes the cynics he makes a solid after, and one of his most faithful adherents happens to be Abner. The bizarre and misjudged creator picked up such a great amount of influence in a generally short measure of time, and the influence and riches transformed a tranquil and progressive designer into an influence hungry corporate pioneer who needed to control everything around him. The following character that Sinclair utilizes is Abner S hutt, a devoted Ford supporter since early on since he saw the beginnings of Ford on Bagely Street in Detroit, and later a representative of Henry Ford. Abner gave off an impression of being neglectful of some of things that happened at the Ford Company at that point. For the greater part of the book he would address Mr. Portage with the highest regard. With the organization developing into a worldwide business powerhouse Abner saw the organization ascend from humble start and with fair aims. Later Abner saw the organization develop to have spies and posse individuals working for Ford to forestall any sort of activity that Ford himself dislike. Abner even had one of his own relatives Tom Shutt, endure on account of the group individuals for attempting to have any kind of effect for the assembly line laborers. On the off chance that a legitimate laborers association would have been built up before on, perhaps his child Tom would not have been beaten by the hooligans at Ford. Sinclair utilizes this convincing story to open the eyes of Americans to give them some of things that happened to individuals who attempted to have any kind of effect on the planet for the entirety of the vehicle laborers in America. He likewise shows how cash and force can overpower individuals who begin with great and clean goals to help and offer items to the individuals who can't bear the cost of it or give great advantages to their laborers. With this bit of writing, we currently can see the amount of a need there is for an a car laborers association, so we can abstain from falling go into a period where laborers can be terminated for an inappropriate reasons or slaughtered by the organization hooligans for endeavoring to make a wellbeing net for the auto manufacturing plant workforce.

Strategy and practice

Technique and practice Technique and practice Human asset the board and modern relations The job of line administrators in human asset the executives Unique Ongoing exploration shows that there is an expanding pattern that human asset experts and line administrators share progressively powerful obligation regarding their associations human asset practice. In any case, HR authorities and line administrators regularly have various assessments and usage on human asset the board. Line chiefs didnt function admirably true to form. Along these lines, much writing contends that line administrators are the frail connection in changing over HR methodology into training. Presentation In the initial segment, this paper investigated HR authorities and line chiefs points of view on line administrators association in HR exercises. Numerous writings and a contextual analysis are utilized to discover the reasons. Line chiefs who are viewed as the powerless part in HR practice execution can be dissected from four perspectives: the skill of line directors, scorn for HR work, working needs for line administrators, pressure and struggle with HR authority. Furthermore, this paper involved the proposals which could improve line supervisors commitment to authoritative execution. Characterizing line the board It is imperative to characterize the idea of line the executives at the principal stage. An early writing depicted that â€Å"the differentiation between line capacity and staff work inside association, in spite of some theory, perhaps limiting.†( Logan, H. 1966,p.46) It is significant to recognize limits of obligations between line capacity and staff work. Stewarts characterized line troughs as â€Å"those that have direct obligation regarding accomplishing the destinations of association, and are regularly distinguished underway terms (creation/activity/fabricating), while staff capacities exit to give guidance and administration to line functions†. (Stewart 1963 p. 24) Story proposed a typology of senior/center line chiefs which is obvious to show the job of line supervisors in association. (Story, J., 1992) Firstly, he recognized two components of line chiefs job. It was appeared in a grid. (Figure 1) The primary measurement finished up business arranged and specialized situated. The subsequent measurement is the degree to which line administrators reaction to association: proactive and responsive. Story characterized four sorts of line supervisors: business troughs, fabricating chiefs, team leads and creation directors. Story recommended that HR pros and line troughs share diverse extent of HRM obligation in each sort. Creation troughs was viewed as the most conventional understanding of the job, henceforth, HR master takes generally duties regarding the HRM. The assembling chiefs share HRM duties with HR experts. Business chiefs ought to have a general knowledge in the entire authoritative business and condition. They are relied upon to be progr essively centered around system rendition. Here, HRM duties are shared by line administrators and HR pros too. The last sorts of line directors project leads, Story lack clear discoveries yet. The job of line troughs in HRM Much writing noticed that the inclusion of line supervisors in human asset the executives (HRM) has been a warmed issue in the previous scarcely any years (Guest, 1987, Story, 1992), and HR work are somewhat declined to line troughs practically speaking. The reasons of line administrators contribution in HRM have been closed by Brewster and Larsens look into (2000) in five angles: â€Å"to decrease cost; to give a far reaching way to deal with HRM; to put obligation regarding HRM with directors generally answerable for it, to accelerate dynamic; and as an option in contrast to redistributing HR work. (Brewster and Larsen, 2000, p 196-198) The connection between line chiefs and HR masters is likely explained as â€Å"partnership† in much writing. Furthermore, a famous view is that line supervisors ought to be occupied with specific HR work on, helping out HR professionals. Results from CIPDs look into showed that HR pro is bound to help out HR authority in resourcing, preparing and improvement yet attempt alone in worker relations and prize administration. (CIPD 2006) Furthermore, whats the specific work line directors ought to be answerable for? From Marchington and Wilkinson‘s perspective, the significant duties of line chiefs are: â€Å"leading group briefings, critical thinking gatherings and casual interchanges; execution audit; group/staff advancement; overseeing representative absence.† And the common obligations are â€Å"selection choices; acceptance and continuous preparing; disciplinary cases; adaptable working patterns.† Lastly, the little obligations are: â€Å"performance-relat ed compensation; enrollment publicizing, applications and introductory hunt; advancements government assistance; association development.† However, despite the fact that line supervisors have consistently been participating in some particular HR work, they have been reprimanded by numerous scientist and HR directors for less viable execution than they anticipated. Hence, in the following segment, a models and case were outlined to dissect these disadvantages from preparing, evaluation execution, EIPï ¼Å'recruitment and choice, hypothetically and for all intents and purposes. Philosophy In the following area, the shortcoming of line chiefs in executing best HR practice and technique will be examined from numerous literary works and the consequences of meetings with line directors on their own involvement with undertaking HR work, which is led by Douglas Renwick (2002). The examination was done in three associations in UK-Utility Co, Local Authority, Manufacturing Co. Every one of the three associations appropriate piece of HR work to line directors, â€Å"appraisal execution, enlistment, correspondence with representatives, affliction nonappearance, and worker development.† A subjective technique was utilized to investigation talk with assets. Some valuable discoveries from the on the off chance that review are: â€Å"the line have numerous obligations, and need time to accomplish HR function admirably; accomplishing HR work weakened the lines generalist administrative centers; huge line deficiencies in taking care of HR work; strains among HR and line over exchange and consummation of HR obligations; the line are dependent on HR to accomplish HR work properly.†(Douglas Renwick 2002 p 271-272) Joined with these discoveries, in the event that we take a gander at more writings, a few clarifications for reactions of line supervisors in the conveyance of HR practice can be summed up. (Beneath) Absence of capabilities Numerous scientists showed that line supervisors dont have satisfactory fitness and expert information to execute HR exercises in the event that they dont get supports and guidance from HR authorities. Douglas Renwicks researchï ¼Ë†2002ï ¼â€° regularly called attention to that: â€Å"significant line deficiencies in dealing with HR work† Thus, the line here and there did not have what it takes and capacities to accomplish HR work yet they despite everything need to accelerate dynamic. The ineffectualness of conveyance is probably going to rise. Thusly, it is acknowledged by most line supervisors that they need proactive help from HR authorities. In Hiltons contextual analysis (Maxwell and Watsonï ¼Å'2006)ï ¼Å'Maxwell and Watson showed that HR experts in Hilton offered huge help to line supervisors on preparing, instructing, enrollment and maintenance; staff planning; execution evaluations. Contending needs Many line administrators fell that they dont have sufficient opportunity and exertion to embrace HR exercises when they are liable for their own business occupations. Contrasted and their HRM duty, they are bound to think about their own obligations first. Utilizing Hiltons concentrate once more, 86% line supervisors feel that they are suffering â€Å"heavy workload† while 78% think they have â€Å"short term work pressures.† (Maxwell and Watsonï ¼Å"2006). What's more, Douglas Renwicks meet has comparable discoveries. (2002) â€Å"line administrators insufficiency in HRM was at some point to prompt issues when they are doing HR work.† As a line directors said in the meeting (Douglas Renwick, 2002 p 269): â€Å"Quite frequently the administrator doesnt have the opportunity to manage the issue and hes possibly unconscious of it. What's more, a few supervisors are solid characters and give staff a hard time.† In the event that we take a gander at certain HR practice, Redmans discoveries (2001) indicated that line directors dont like some HR exercises, for instance, in execution the executives; they think it is tedious. Pressure and strife with HR pro At the point when HR masters hold various perspectives with line chiefs about the duty of explicit HR practice, pressure and clashes would be risen. For instance, regarding enrollment, many line administrators imagine that enlisting a phenomenal representative is HR divisions business, while HR specialists think Line chief should assume greater liability since they see unmistakably what sort of workers are genuinely required. In this manner, indistinct limits of obligation specifically HR practice may prompt clash and lessen the adequacy. Besides, unique rearrangement about the significance of specific HR work between the two gatherings likewise may bring about strain and struggle. At long last, as entertainers of HR approach, a large portion of line supervisors feel that some HR arrangements are unreasonable and difficult to apply it into training. As indicated by Douglas Renwicks study, â€Å"line administrators thought issues in HR strategy lead to poor results in HRM†. As certain administrators from UK-Utility Co, Local Authority, and Manufacturing Co stated: â€Å"This is a HR activity from corporate HR, however something isn't right. You ought to be created now.† â€Å"If you truly drop out-you attempt to give them a doing and it depends how well you safeguard themselves† (Douglas Renwick,2002, p.272) Scorn for HR practice Bevan and Hayday(1994) found that some lime supervisors are not satisfactory about their duty and job in HRM. Many line administrators t

Lets Play the Bad Credit Lender Dating Game!

Lets Play the Bad Credit Lender Dating Game! Have Bad Credit and Need a Personal Loan? Let’s Play the Bad Credit Lender Dating Game! Have Bad Credit and Need a Personal Loan? Let’s Play the Bad Credit Lender Dating Game!If youre shopping around for a bad credit loan, it can be hard to know which loan is right for you. Really, it’s a lot like online dating. For one thing, just like there are a lot of sketchy people lurking online, there are also a lot of shady lenders out there looking to get matched up with inexperienced borrowers. But even among the honest and responsible lenders, how can you know which is really right for you?Before we get to our most eligible options, here are some bad credit personal lenders that practice predatory behavior. You really can’t swipe left fast enough when you’re dealing with:Payday LendersThese lenders offer short-term, fast cash loans that only average around 14 days. That quick turnaround might sound nice but, in reality, these loans are pretty nasty. They have extremely high interest rates, with an average Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 339 percent.[1] Payday loans ar e also structured to be paid back in a single lump sum, which is difficult for many borrowers. A lot of payday borrowers end up rolling their loans over again, trapping themselves into a continuous cycle of debt. It’s a bad relationship they just can’t get out of!Title LendersTake everything we just said about payday lenders and add losing your car: That’s title loans. These are month-to-month, short-term loans with an average interest rate of 25 percent that adds up to an APR of 300 percent. Since these loans are secured by the borrower’s car title, you can usually borrow more with a title loan than you can with a payday loan. However, it also means that the lender can repossess your vehicle if you can’t pay the loan back. In fact, one out of every five title loan customers eventually has their car repossessed.[2] Imagine if you had to give someone your car in order to break up with them. That’s a person you should avoid!Okay, now that we’ve got the bad eggs out of th e way, here’s a few types of bad credit personal lenders that you can swipe right on and see where things take you:Personal Installment LendersThese lenders offer long-term installment loans, which usually have a minimum term of six months and are designed to be repaid in a series of equal, regularly scheduled payments. Their loans are also amortizing, which means that every payment you make goes towards both the principal loan amount and the interest. Dating them would be a calm, loving series of Netflix binges, home-cooked meals, and weekend antiquing. OppLoans is a personal installment lender, and our interest rates are 70 to 125 percent lower than your typical payday lender. That last part isn’t true of all installment lenders by the way. If you’re taking out an installment loan, you’ll still want to do your research.Credit UnionsThese lenders work a lot like traditional banks, only they are not-for-profit, member-owned organizations. Credit unions also have different re quirements for membership than banks do. Being eligible for membership could depend on where you work or live, or even where you go to church. Credit unions that belong to the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) offer Payday Alternative Loans. These loans have principals between $200 and $1000, terms that are one to six months long,[3] and interest rates that are capped at 28 percent.[4] That could be a great deal! However, you have to be a member for one month before you qualify for one of these loans. They’re a great date, but they’re picky.Charities and Community OrganizationsIf you have bad credit and need a small cash loan, you might be able to get one from a local charity in your area. Many of these organizations have small-dollar lending programs with reasonable rates that are aimed at combating predatory payday lending in small communities. Some even offer credit-counseling services, which can help you build a budget, practice better financial habits, and improve your credit score over time. They help you grow and make more responsible decisionsâ€"like any good partner should.We all know people sometimes need a financial partner. So skip the predators and go with a reliable, honest, financial institution that has your best interest at heart!References: Payday Loans and Deposit Advance Products. Retrieved September 6 from http://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_payday-dap-whitepaper.pdf. Pascual, K. 1 In 5 Auto Title Loans End In Car Repossession: CFPB Study. Retrieved September 6, 2016, from http://www.techtimes.com/articles/159308/20160518/1-in-5-auto-title-loans-end-in-car-repossession-cfpb-study.htm Payday Loan Alternatives. MyCreditUnion.Gov. Retrieved September 1, 2016, from http://www.mycreditunion.gov/what-credit-unions-can-do/Pages/payday-loan-alternatives.aspx Aho, K. Payday Loans: How They Work, What They Cost. Retrieved September 1, 2016, from https://www.nerdwallet.com/blog/loans/payday-loan-alternatives-dodge-debt-trap/

Sentencing And Correctional Policies During The United...

Sentencing and correctional policies in the United States are said to be a lot rougher than most European countries today. Although some may have a different view point and assume we have better prisons, a further look into Germany s prison shows us just how much better they are in prison styles and comfort for the inmates. Going further into I will discuss crime rates, incarceration rates and how different the policies and sentencing procedures really differ and how the outcome and recidivism of the inmate is between the United States and Germany. Crime rates as of 2015 in the United States according to Spies, violent crime did go up 3.8 percent after a two year decline, as far as violent crime is concerned. Spies also found the following: In 2015, there were an estimated 1,197,704 violent crimes. Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter increased 10.8 percent when compared with estimates from 2014. Rape and aggravated assault increased 6.3 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively, while robbery increased 1.4 percent.There were an estimated 7,993,631 property crimes. The estimated numbers for two of the three property crimes show declines when compared with the previous year’s estimates. Burglaries dropped 7.8 percent, larceny-thefts declined 1.8 percent, but motor vehicle thefts rose 3.1 percent. In Germany 2015 crimes rates, can be compared closely to the United States, if not a little bit higher actually on some crimes. The OSAC stated the following: The number ofShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Facilities in the United States: An Increasing Concern669 Words   |  3 Pagesburgeoning area of correctional facilities, it is necessary to gauge current trends and measures of policy that are designed to account for them. 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The goals of correctionsRead MoreOffender Re Entry And Recidivism1038 Words   |  5 PagesOffender Re-entry and Recidivism Corrections and Criminal Justice are major fields in the area of psychological research. The attention driven to these two fields reflect greatly on the public’s interest and opinion on the control of crime in the United States. Risk, need, and other characteristics of offenders’ influence on the management of programs to reduce criminal recidivism (Andrews,1989). Reintegration back to society for ex-convicts involves numerous hurdles to overcome. Each day, roughly 1

The Effects Of Slavery On A Macro Level - 1682 Words

If we think of Slavery we think of it as an event in our history that degrading blacks, and only blacks. We, at least I don’t think of it as effecting whites, but if we look at the two authors Baldwin and Coats we see slavery and racism can be viewed on a whole different level. Blocking out stereotypes Coates and Baldwin give us an inside look on what it was actually like like to own or to be a slave. Baldwin, talks about the effects of slavery on a micro level, and talks about how it affects people individually, and how even if someone doesn’t believe in it, they can be taken over by the idea of racism without realizing it; how racism can even affect the white man, saying that you can become the monster that you hate. . Coates, on†¦show more content†¦It was a sign of rebellion in which people did not want. Racism was a social norm that had to be accepted, but after a long time of acting a certain way, you start to believe that that is the real you. Soon , white men that never considered themselves as being racist before, started to believe that they were higher then blacks. Baldwin writes about a man named Jesse who claims that he hates black people, and that they are â€Å"animal like†. Although he claims this to be true, he goes out every night in his car looking for black women in the town to have sex with. He thinks of himself as higher then blacks, but still associates himself with them. He admits that he enjoys their music, and he doesn’t completely despise everything they do. He still thinks of himself as better then them because he associates them with animals. Yet he continues to have sex with a different black girl almost every night. â€Å"He felt that he would like to hold her, hold her, hold her, and be buried in her like a downtown to face those faces, good Christ, they were ugly! And never have to enter that jail house again and smell that smell and hear that singing; never again feel that filthy, kinky, greasy hair under his hand, never again watch those black breasts leap against the leaping cattle prod, never hear tho se moans again or watch that blood run down or the fat lips split or the sealed eyes

Common Study Habits Among Students in the Tertiary Level Free Essays

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM THE SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY PURPOSE OF THE STUDY CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS RESEARCH QUESTION REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 – 5 METHOD – â€⠀œ – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN PARTICIPANTS RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS RESULT – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 7 – 10 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES TABLES ANALYSIS – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 12 – 13 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS DISCUSSION – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14 FINDINGS CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14 REFERENCES – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 15 COMMON STUDY HABITS AMONG STUDENTS IN THE TERTIARY INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A research on the study habits among students in the tertiary level, the study investigated the common study habits among students in the tertiary level using school like St. Nicolas College as a case study. Thirty (30) students were given a questionnaire from different department and year level in the area. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Study Habits Among Students in the Tertiary Level or any similar topic only for you Order Now The instrument utilized for the study was a questionnaire named â€Å"Common Study Habits among Students in the Tertiary Level†. What are study habits? Study habits are the ways that you study – the habits that you have formed during your school years. Study habits can be good ones, or bad ones. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading your textbook, listening in class, and working every day. Bad study habits include skipping class, not doing your work, watching TV or playing video games instead of studying, and losing your work, the manner with which you consistently use to study for school or college. Some of the students missed the effective study habits. In this problem, the researcher wishes to improve and enhanced their learning and to reach their highest potential in significant improvements on test scores and the highest level of success in the classroom or on the job. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The problem is focused mainly on the common study habits among student in the tertiary level. THE SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY The problem is focused mainly on the common study habits among student in the tertiary level are significant in various ways. It is believed that findings of this research will definitely be useful to the teachers understanding the capacity, strength and weaknesses of the student and also to influence them in better study habits. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY This study was based on the following objectives to describe the study habits of the students in St. Nicolas College, to suggest measures to improve the study habits of the students. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to find out the common study habit among students in the tertiary level. This study also intends to reveal or find out what, if any, relationship exists between habit and effective study habits of students in the tertiary level. How to cite Common Study Habits Among Students in the Tertiary Level, Essay examples

Rembrandt Building An Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Rembrandt Building An Argumentative Essay Analysis of Rembrandt Joseph Accused by Potiphars Wife The story of Joseph and Potiphars wife is told in the first book of the Bible, Genesis, chapter 39. Joseph was sold into slavery by his brothers and bought by Potiphar, a high ranking official in the Pharaohs service. The Lord was with Joseph, and gave him success in everything he did. This pleased Potiphar and before long Joseph was given the highest position in the household, and left in charge when Potiphar was away. Now Potiphars wife found Joseph to be very good looking and had approached him several times saying come to bed with me; and Joseph being a man of God would not sin against his master or the Lord, so he refused her. One day when all the servants were gone, Joseph entered the house and Potiphars wife approached him and while holding on to his cloak said come to bed with me. Joseph refused and left the house leaving his cloak behind. Potiphar Wife screamed for help saying that Joseph had attacked and tried to sleep with her. When her husband came home she told him the same false story. Potiphar was so angry at Joseph he had him locked up in Pharaohs prison. But while Joseph was in the prison, the Lord was with him. This is the subject matter for which Rembrandt choose to do his representational painting by. The content of the painting all reveals Rembrandts interpretation of the story This is the account from the Bible of the accusation of Joseph by Potiphars Wife. Rembrandt Van Ryn chose this particular story as the subject of his narrative painting completed in 1655, under the title of Joseph Accused By Potiphars Wife. Before researching this painting, I noted my fist perception of Rembrandt work of art. I realized through that as a result of my later research, my first perception did not change, but instead were enriched and enlarged by a newfound understanding of the man and his art. I largely concentrated on my first and later perceptions in the design elements and principles of lighting or value, infinite space, color, and focal point.After conducting research, my first perceptions about the value, or relative degree of lightness or darkness, in the painting did not change, but instead I learned that Rembrandts use of light and dark was both purposeful and a technique well- known to the artists of his time. When I first observed this painting, I thought how dark everything seemed. The only exceptions to the darkness are the bed and Potiphars wife, both of which are flooded in light almost as if a spotlight were thrown on her and the bed. Some light shines on Josephs face and from behind him like a halo around his body, but this light is very dim. Potiphar in great contrast to his wife is almost in complete darkness. I first felt there should be more light from perhaps candles to cast the entire room in partial light. But after research I found that Rembrandt liked strong contrasts of light and dark and used them in his paintings all his life, letting darkness hide unnecessary details while using light to bring figures and objects out from the shadows. The high contrast of light against dark changed an ordinary scene into a dramatic one the Italian word for this use of light and dark chiaroscuro (Muhlberger 9). Rembrandt must have believed that too much detail in the room would have obscured the primary players of this scene. He uses light to brightly illuminate the most important person in this painting, Potiphars wife. In descending order of importance, Rembrandt places a glow around Joseph and casts Potiphar in a almost total darkness. Dr. Seuss Essay The bed also then another focal point since it dominates the composition while other areas are subordinate to it. Rembrandts focal points work because of the strong contrast between light and dark and because of placement of the characters in this story. Thus, through research I learned how Rembrandt achieves his focal points which my first perception initially discovered.Now without knowing the story of Joseph and Potiphars wife one could piece together the events taking place by the content in the painting. There is a large room partly lit. In the center is a bed with snow white sheets fitted perfectly, as if a maid had just finished dressing it. To the side of the bed, seated in an equally large chair, is a most troubled-looking woman. She is adorned with a lavish, bright-colored gown, and wears decorative jewelry, with her hair luxuriously woven. She points with her right hand an accusing finger at a dark maroon cloak draped on one of the bed posts. Her other hand nurses a torn lapel of an under garment, suggesting she has been in some manner violated. She looks, with a creased forehead, at a tall, dark figure to the her left, whom for the lack of lighting shimmers in an elegant uniform, his head donning a turban. He leans on the back of her chair, his hand closed, but his arm pointing in the same direction as the cloak. His other arm is on his hip directly above a sheathed sword. His overall stature and facial expression appears quizzical, as he ponders over the serious situation. The situation of course concerns the accusation his wife makes of the owner of the cloak. The lonely figure in the corner dressed in the drab olive green tunic stands silently listening to the woman, obviously the accused owner of this cloak. His maroon red sash with the keys reveals his importance to the household. Rembrandt clearly brought this scene to life convincingly(Schwartz 15). For him to have accomplished this feat, he had to give each figure an appropriate expression, pose, and costume(Schwartz 15). All this Rembrandt has done, leaving us with a tragic moment in biblical history captured beautifully in this awesome painting of Joseph accused by Potiphars wife. Work Cited Barker, Kenneth. The Holy Bible, New International Version.Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House,1995. Muhlberger, Richard. What Makes A Rembrandt A Rembrandt? NewYork: Viking, 1993. Munz, Ludwig. Rembrandt. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, 1984 Schwartz, Gary. First Impressiaons:Rembrandt. New York: Harry N.Abrams Inc, 1992.

Beatles memorabilia essays

Beatles memorabilia essays No rock n roll group had more influence on a generation and the world as did The Beatles. They single handedly changed the period known as the Sixties and their influence is still being felt today. Music, culture, lifestyles, hairstyles, clothing styles and attitudes all changed because of this remarkable band that emerged out of Liverpool England in the early 1960s. The Beatles were George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney as pictured above. The Beatles themselves were greatly influenced by the early rock n roll stars from America such as Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Buddy Holly, Gene Vincent and others. During the bands infancy they spent a considerable amount of time listening and copying the styles of these great 1950s rock n roll heroes. Its fair to say that the music style adopted by the Beatles has in roots in 1950s American rock n roll. The Beatles dawned on the music scene in the very early 1960s and by 1963 had established themselves as the premiere rock n roll band in all of England. Frenzied crowds greeted the Beatles wherever they appeared throughout all of England. Beatlemania was born. The America music scene had all but ignored what was transpiring in England. But by January 1964, after the release of the Beatles second album in England, America could not longer resist the onslaught of these four loveable guys with mop-top haircuts. They stormed onto the American music scene in February 1964 with their historic performances in Washington DC, Carnegie Hall and Shea Stadium. Their music, coupled with their first class humor and personalities, firmly established them as the rock n roll kings for an entire generation. Their popularity, both yesterday and today, still remains unequaled by any other rock n roll artist. The memorabilia licensed by The Beatles is vast and seemingly...

Free Essays on David and Bathsheba

â€Å"David and Bathsheba† Artemisia Gentileshci was a talented artist, one of the greatest of the seventeenth century. She and Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Garginio created â€Å"David and Bathsheba as an oil on canvas, dated 1636- 1637. A few things caught my eye as I entered the room of the â€Å"Old Masters† where this piece is found. One being the size of the painting and second, being the four dominant subjects within the piece, Bathsheba and her three maids. The woman with the bowl I recognized resembles a mirror image of a subject in, â€Å"The Birth of John the Baptist.† The artist pulls your eye to the front three subjects by using strict diagonal aligning and different hues and a higher intensity than the remainder of the portrait. Bathsheba is clearly the focal point. She is placed at the center of the three other women who all seem to be doing something for her; giving her a necklace, combing her hair, and preparing to wash her. Also, we can see David hidden in the background building, standing watching down on Bathsheba. â€Å"David and Bathsheba† portrays an example of each line. There are straight lines throughout the work, including the railing that runs through the piece, the different levels of the building, and the tiles on the ground. Artemisia uses curves in the arches of the building, the basin of water, and the natural shape of the human form. Each of the five subjects seems to be looking at one another creating implied lines. The artist uses contrasting hues including black and white, and the complementary colors such as orange and blue, as seen in the clothing. Gentileshci uses tinting on the basin, creating a silver shine to it. Another example of tinting is shown in Bathsheba’s body and in her clothes perhaps to stand her out as the focal point. Shading is also used, portraying a shadowy look on the floor and the maidservant. To create a darker background, the artist used hues of lower value an... Free Essays on David and Bathsheba Free Essays on David and Bathsheba â€Å"David and Bathsheba† Artemisia Gentileshci was a talented artist, one of the greatest of the seventeenth century. She and Viviano Codazzi and Domenico Garginio created â€Å"David and Bathsheba as an oil on canvas, dated 1636- 1637. A few things caught my eye as I entered the room of the â€Å"Old Masters† where this piece is found. One being the size of the painting and second, being the four dominant subjects within the piece, Bathsheba and her three maids. The woman with the bowl I recognized resembles a mirror image of a subject in, â€Å"The Birth of John the Baptist.† The artist pulls your eye to the front three subjects by using strict diagonal aligning and different hues and a higher intensity than the remainder of the portrait. Bathsheba is clearly the focal point. She is placed at the center of the three other women who all seem to be doing something for her; giving her a necklace, combing her hair, and preparing to wash her. Also, we can see David hidden in the background building, standing watching down on Bathsheba. â€Å"David and Bathsheba† portrays an example of each line. There are straight lines throughout the work, including the railing that runs through the piece, the different levels of the building, and the tiles on the ground. Artemisia uses curves in the arches of the building, the basin of water, and the natural shape of the human form. Each of the five subjects seems to be looking at one another creating implied lines. The artist uses contrasting hues including black and white, and the complementary colors such as orange and blue, as seen in the clothing. Gentileshci uses tinting on the basin, creating a silver shine to it. Another example of tinting is shown in Bathsheba’s body and in her clothes perhaps to stand her out as the focal point. Shading is also used, portraying a shadowy look on the floor and the maidservant. To create a darker background, the artist used hues of lower value an...

Security Policy GDI Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Security Policy GDI Company - Case Study Example Given that GDI has made significant gains in its business, there is need to preserve the capability the firm receive from its information technology assets. This security policy understands that protecting the physical and operation security of GDI is the main challenge underlying its writing. Therefore, the report presents several policies that seek to protect named assets of GDI with a goal of preserving the security and operation of the firm. Vacca (2010) argues that information technology polices form the first line of defence against threats. There are several policies this security policy document outlines, which are a result of careful analysis of the firms existing network topology. Because information technology forms a critical backbone to the operations of GDI, a careful analysis characterized the writing of this document. Among the essential goals of the security, policies were the establishment of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the firm’s informat ion technology asset. Policy 1: Email Security Policy Email remains a preferred medium of communication for the GDI Corporation. Because of the widespread use of email in the firm, there is need for GDI to implement policies that will limit the loss of essential loss through email exchange within or outside the firm. While email is one of the most effective techniques for communication, firms like GDI stand a risk of exposing their data and information technology infrastructure to threats that can emerge from lack of email security policy. Bayuk, Healey and Rohmeyer (2012) contend that email remains vulnerable to a wide variety of threats such as worms. These threats can interfere with the operations of the organization, as well as lead to the loss of data. Given the danger that could emanate from email use, this report understand the need of an appropriate email security policy, which will ensure that email exchange do not result to the loss of data, introduction of threats and breach of confidentiality. First, GDI should implement a policy that restricts its employees from sharing any fi.es that belong to the organization. This clause could limit the loss of information that GDI’s employees have the privilege to view as compared to other people. This policy should be printed and given to all employees using the firms email. In addition, GDI should also produce a policy that would restrict all the employees from using the firms email for their own private use. The use of emails for any other purpose could introduce threats such as worms. To add on this, the firms should stipulate that all employees scan their emails to ensure that they have no threats such as worms or Trojan horse that could spy on the company’s data. Policy 2: Server Security Policy GDI servers are essential assets that must be protected from physical and operations risks that may have profound effect on the operations of the firm. To ensure that GDI’s servers are secure, there has to be an elaborate policy in place. The se rver security policy calls for the hardening of GDI’s server to ensure that all vulnerable areas are addressed to limit the impact of threats. This policy ensures that GDI’s administrators carry out periodic maintenance of the system by applying patches and other software updates. Servers that lack essential patches are vulnerable to attacks (TechRepublic, 2004). Updating the servers by installing patches would ensure that the server is secure and up to date. Being that updates are critical to the operation of

Dante And Virgil Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dante And Virgil - Research Paper Example This is made clear in Canto IV where Dante and Virgil meet the great Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Lucan. These philosophers are in the first level of hell which is really more like a purgatory. Because they were born before the birth of Christianity, they did not have the opportunity to recognize Christ as their Lord and Savior so they live in a state of Limbo. When alive, they dedicated their lives to wisdom and thought rather than religion and did not have the foresight that the patriarchs of the Old Testament had in embracing faith that one day He would come. As a result, their afterlife is a world in which reason provides some illumination, but the atmosphere is mostly dark without God’s light. However, the souls are comfortable and content in being able to share human ideas and thoughts with other great thinkers. This section of the Comedy firmly establishes Dante’s ideas that the only way to receive God’s blessing is through Christian faith. Even though the ancient philosophers were highly respected thinkers who led very virtuous, ethical and moral lives, they are still trapped in Limbo because they never even considered the possibility that Jesus would one day come to redeem them all. This is made clear when Virgil tells him that a person â€Å"in power crowned† came to Hell and took away all the Old Patriarchs who believed that the Messiah would come even though they died before he appeared. Thus it doesn’t even matter if you have lived the kind of life prescribed in the Bible, you still can’t get into heaven unless you were willing to have

Significance of Product Life Cycle

Significance of Product Life Cycle The concept of product life-cycle highlights that sooner or later all products die and that if management wishes to sustain its revenues, it must replace the declining products with the new ones. The product life-cycle concept indicates as to what can be expected in the market for a new product at various stages. i.e., introduction, growth, maturity and decline. Thus, the concept of product life-cycle can be used as a forecasting tool. It can alert management that its product will inevitably face saturation and decline, and the host of problems these stages pose. The product life-cycle is also a useful framework for describing the typical evolution of marketing strategy over the stages of product life-cycle. This will help in taking sound marketing decisions at different stages of the product life-cycle. After a product has been developed, it is launched in the market with the help of various promotional devices such as advertising, sales promotion, publicity and paresonal selling. In other words, product development must be followed by the successful introduction of the product in the market. For this, planning for introduction of the product starts during the process of product development itself. Every firm makes sale projections during introduction, growth and maturity stage of the product life-cycle. To acheive the projected sales target, it formulates promotional, pricing and distribution policies. Thus, the concept of product life-cycle facilitates integrated marketing policies relating to product, price, place and promotion/distribution. The advantages of PLC to a firm are as follows: When the product life-cycle is predictable, the management must be cautious in taking advance steps before the decline stage, by adopting product modification, pricing strategies, style, quality, change, etc. The firm can prepare an effective product plan by knowing the product life-cycle of a product. The management can find new uses of the product for the expansion of market during growth stage and for extending the maturity stage. The management can adopt latest technological changes to improve the product quality, features and design. STAGES IN PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE Product life cycle comprises four stages: Introduction stage Growth stage Maturity stage Decline stage product-life-cycle-stages-plc Fig 1: product life-cycle Product Life Cycle (PLC) Introduction stage EXAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT SECTORS http://www.ithappensinindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/BPL-Television.jpg BPL TELEVISIONS Many products generally have a characteristic known as perishable distinctiveness.ÂÂ   This means that a product which is distinct when new degenerates over the years into a common commodity.ÂÂ   The process by which the distinctiveness gradually disappears as the product merges with other competitive products, has been rightly termed by Joel Dean as the cycle of competitive degeneration.ÂÂ   The cycle begins with the invention of a new product and is often followed by patent protection, and further development to make it saleable.ÂÂ   This is usually followed by a rapid expansion in its sales as the product gains market acceptance.ÂÂ   Then competitors enter the field with imitation and rival products and the distinctiveness of the new product starts diminishing.ÂÂ   The speed of degeneration differs from product to product.ÂÂ   While some products fail immediately on birth or a little later, others may live long enough.ÂÂ   BPLs picture in pi cture TV was eliminated at the introduction stage itself.ÂÂ   The innovation of a new product and its degeneration into a common product is termed as the life cycle of a product. There are five distinct stages in the life cycle of a product as shown below : Introduction. Research or engineering skill leads to product development.ÂÂ   The product is put on the market; awareness and acceptance are minimal.ÂÂ   There are high promotional costs.ÂÂ   Sometimes a product may generate a new demand, for example, Maggi.ÂÂ   Volume of sales is low and there may be heavy losses. Growth. The product begins to make rapid sales gains because of the cumulative effects of introductory promotion, distribution, and word-of-mouth influence.ÂÂ   High and sharply rising profits may be witnessed.ÂÂ   But to sustain growth, consumer satisfaction must be ensured at this stage. Maturity. Sales growth continues, but at a diminishing rate, because of the declining number of potential customers who remain unaware of the product or who have taken no action.ÂÂ   Also, the last of the unsuccessful competing brands will probably withdraw from the market.ÂÂ   For this reason, sales are likely to continue to rise while the customers for the withdrawn brands are mopped up by the survivors.ÂÂ   There is no improvement in the product but changes in selling effort are common.ÂÂ   Profit margins slip despite rising sales. Saturation. Sales reach and remain on a plateau marked by the level of replacement demand.ÂÂ   There is little additional demand to be stimulated. Decline.ÂÂ  Sales begin to diminish absolutely as the customers begin to tire of the product and the product is gradually edged out by better products or substitutes, for example, dial telephones and petrol jeeps. http://www.mbaknol.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/product-life-cycle.jpg Time Fig 2: product life-cycle of BPL TVs There are several reasons why the life-cycle of a product tends to be short :ÂÂ   (a) continuous research for product development, (b) simultaneous attempts by several companies in the same direction, and (c) tendency of a new idea to attract competitors.ÂÂ   Improvements offered by one company are likely to be met and, if possible, exceeded by competitors in a relatively short period.ÂÂ   If a competitor hits upon a real improvement (perhaps based on an entirely new technology) and he markets it well, both sales and profits of the original technology) and he markets it well, both sales and profits of the original product innovator may decline drastically. It may be noted that products may begin a new cycle or revert to an early stage as a result of (a) the discovery of new uses, (b) the appearance of new users, and (c) introduction of new features. As the distinctiveness of the products fade, the pricing discretion enjoyed by their producers gradually declines.ÂÂ   This is what happened in the case of many products like ball-point pens, transistors, radios, etc.ÂÂ   Throughout the cycle, changes take place in price and promotional elasticity of demand as also in the production and distribution costs of the product.ÂÂ   Pricing policy, therefore, must be adjusted over the various phases of the cycle. Product life-cycle concentrates only the life-cycle of a product beginning with its introduction into the market to the post-marketing phase.ÂÂ   However, a series of processes are to be undertaken by the management even prior to the introduction of a product in the market.ÂÂ   These processes include exploration, screening, analysis, development, testing, etc.ÂÂ   The concept of product life-cycle may be used as a managerial tool. Marketing strategies, however, have to be changed with changes in the phase of the life-cycle of a product.ÂÂ   An understanding of the cycle is helpful to the managers for a rational understanding of the future sales activities as also planning of marketing strategies.ÂÂ   Hence, PLC is synonymous with the pattern of demand for a product over time. The length of time that a product spends at anyone stage varies from product to product.ÂÂ   A product might not pass through every stage in the cycle.ÂÂ   Some products, for instance, might not get past the introductory stage, while others might not get past the growth or even the maturity stage.ÂÂ   There might be still other products that might pass through the introduction to maturity stages but might take a longer period to reach the saturation stage and hence might take a longer period to reach the decline stage.ÂÂ   Some products, for instance, might not get past the maturity stage.ÂÂ   There might be still other products that might pass through the introduction to maturity stages but might take a longer period to reach the saturation stage and hence might take a longer period to reach the decline stage.ÂÂ   Some products might even hustle through the entire cycle in an amazingly short period.ÂÂ   In certain cases, there might even be a repos itioning of a product, which might trigger off a new growth cycle.ÂÂ   http://www.dineshbakshi.com/phocadownload/product-life-cycle.jpg ÂÂ  Fig 3: product life-cycle of Facebook

In what ways and to what effect, does Milton use comparison in Paradise Lost Book II? Essay

Paradise Lost is one of the greatest epic poems of the 17th century, written by John Milton. This is a poem of twelve books describing the fall of man in blank verse, in a manner that is at par with Virgil’s Aeneid for the Romans and Homer’s Iliad for ancient Greece. Milton has several ways of using comparison, which he uses profoundly throughout Book II. Allegory, allusions, contrasts, the comparison between heaven, earth and hell, and the different arguments in the book are the most significant and prominent in his poem, and both pertain to his grand style as well as his motifs. Towards the end of book II, Milton presents an allegory of the two figures Sin and Death at the gates of hell who represent their respective abstract ideas and principles, which he develops throughout the entire poem. As they are abstract ideas, they cannot be visualized, thus Milton gives them physical attributes to further allude to the ideas they represent. Sin is described as â€Å"†¦ woman to the waist, and fair, But ended foul in many a scaly fold Voluminous and vast, a serpent armed With mortal sting.† (II.650-53) With this description, it’s clear to see that Sin is an allegory of Eve because Eve is also beautiful and â€Å"fair† on the outside, but deep inside is evil and tempted by a â€Å"serpent†, even if she is not composed of one. Also, Sin explains how she was seduced by Satan, and as a result of their fornication, conceive Death. She then explains how Death raped her â€Å"†¦in embraces forcible and foul† (II.793) and created monsters that are â€Å"hourly conceived And hourly born, with sorrow infinite To me;† (II.797-99) Both Eve and Sin are seduced by Satan, have excruciatingly painful labor, and bring about the beginning of mortality for all of mankind as a result of sin. Milton has created Sin as an allegory of the whole concept of sin, and furthermore, suggested that women accomplish their sin by being seductive and beautiful, yet evil and serpent-like. Death on the other hand, is a shadow-like creature, described as having a â€Å"†¦head The likeness of a kingly crown had on.† (II.672-73) He is allegorically the consequence of both Sin and Satan’s sin. Interestingly enough, Death is in control of his condition, and instead of enduring suffering himself, he enjoys inflicting human pain. This can clearly be seen as a symbolic, comparative representation of death on earth and how it often inflicts human pain, as well as the way in which us humans are not in control of it. The effect of this comparative literary technique enables the reader to stretch the imagination in order to effectively draw symbolic conclusions and make logical deductions. Another effect of this technique is that it introduces multiple interpretations. For example, another interpretation of Sin and Death is that they could be the pathway for humans to enter Hell through Death, and Sin could simply be one who has paved that way by giving birth to eternal mortality, or alternatively they could be an allegory of The Holy Trinity. These different interpretations lead to a deeper understanding of t he poem, and make it all the more intriguing. As well as making allegorical allusions, Milton also makes allusions to other literary works. The first allusion he makes is in the first two lines of Book two; â€Å"High on a throne of royal state, which far Outshone the wealth of Ormus and of Ind,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (II.1-2) are an allusion to Ormus and Ind. Ormus is an island in the Persian Gulf, and Ind is an abbreviation for India. He makes reference to these places because they’re highly celebrated for their pearls and jewels. â€Å"Sage he stood, With Atlantean shoulders fit to bear The weight of the mightiest monarchies;†(II.305-7) is another allusion to the Greek mythological figure Atlas, who was able to carry the world. Milton uses references to specific people and places in order to emphasize and reinforce the grand stature of the character(s) he Is referring to, which in the above examples, would be Satan and Beelzebub respectively. Another purpose of his allusions is to further extend the reader’s imagination and understanding, whilst creating vivid imagery in the reader’s mind, through comparisons. Lastly, these allusions are important in his work because they not only make his writing exotic, but they also add a lot of weight and grandeur to his style. Another comparative literary feature that is quite prominent in Milton’s works is the use of contrasts, such as antitheses and oxymoron’s. These figures of speech are important in Paradise Lost because they are used to convey and accentuate vivid, yet unorthodox imagery. â€Å"To that bad eminence† (II.6) and â€Å"†¦this darkness light†(II.220) are among his many uses of oxymoron’s. This poetic device not only extends the imagery of the poem, but it also heightens the message or emotion behind it in a non-literal sense. A powerful example of antithesis which is not in Book II, but was still discussed in class is, â€Å"Hee for God only, Shee for God in him†. This is a powerful example because Milton has conveyed sharply contrasting ideas in an emphatic, yet adorning way. Accompanying this feature are the contrasts between light and dark to convey good or bad. With this, his contrasts also include high and low (in terms of altitude or status), and God and Satan. Milton’s strong imagery of light and darkness to convey these contrary ideas could be attributed to his blindness. Although he describes Satan as a powerful being, he generally describes hell as dark, fiery and very low, as opposed to heaven which is described as light and highly exalted. This can be noted in â€Å"What can be worse Than to dwell here, driven out from bliss, condemned In this abhorred deep to utter woe; Where pain of unextinguishable fire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II.85) and a few lines later he states â€Å"He from Heaven’s higth†(II.190) Contrasts like these are important because they help us to further extend our understanding of Milton’s paradigms of food and bad, and from this, we can deduce that the absence of light in Hell and in Satan symbolize the absence of God in all his glory. Milton’s contrasts of light and dark, and high and low to convey good and bad are also used to contrast Heaven, Hell and Earth. Milton presents a hierarchy based on the proximity to God. Heaven is at the top of the hierarchy where â€Å"Heaven’s high Arbitrator† (II.359) sits, and the primary quality is light. Hell is at the very bottom of the hierarchy and is portrayed as the antithesis of heaven, which is primarily dark. â€Å"As he our darkness, cannot we his light†(II.269) Is a phrase which best portrays the strong contrasts between the two places. Earth is depicted as the young, vulnerable middle-ground connected to both Heaven and Earth. It is also the battlefield that Beelzebub suggests they try to corrupt because he knows that although there is goodness on earth, it is not at par with that of Heaven’s, and is thus able to be defeated. It is portrayed as the neutral middle-ground by Beelzebub who states that the new race of man is â€Å"To be created like to us, though less In power an excellence, but favoured more Of him who rules above;† (II.349-351) Also, Milton’s geographical description of hell has similar physical features as earth (Mountains, rivers, valleys), however, the only difference is that hell has the worst in nature. Milton describes hell as â€Å"†¦dark and wild, beat with perpetual storms Of whirlwind and dire hail, which on firm land Thaws not,† (II.588-90) with streams â€Å"Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.† (II.581) By knowing that Hell is the degenerated form of nature, and that Earth is the middle-ground, we can deduce that Heaven is the more natural and aesthetically pleasing form of nature. This further highlights the hierarchical contrast between the three places. An interesting observation I made was that Earth is connected to heaven with a gold chain and connected to hell through a dark gulf (Chaos and Night). This shows the contrast between the journey to Heaven and Hell. Milton is implying that throughout life, Man must choose to make the difficult, strenuous journey up the gold chain into Heaven, or take the easy way and perambulate down to Heaven through the wide gulf. These hierarchical contrasts and comparisons not only give clarity to the settings in the poem, but also give us a deeper understanding of the nature of the characters in the story. Most importantly, it provides a philosophical and theological context for the poem and it gives us deeper insight into the beliefs and prin ciples that Milton adheres to, without being persuasive. The hierarchy and balance of good and evil are also portrayed and compared through the different speeches given by arch devils Moloch, Belial, Mammon and Beelzebub. Milton seems to depict a certain balance between good and evil or Heaven and Hell, and from that, it is clear that he believes that good will always reign over evil. The first arch devil to speak is Moloch. He proposes open warfare on a battlefield. He believes they have nothing to lose because â€Å"What can be worse Than to swell here, driven out from bliss, condemned In this abhorred deep to utter woe;† (II.85-87) So he clearly believes that nothing can be worse than living in hell anyway. Lastly, he says even if they are defeated in the battle â€Å"†¦if not victory, is yet revenge†(II.1.5). The second speaker is Belial who disagrees and suggests that they stay in hell in the hope that God will forgives them, or over time, they will grow used to the eternal pain and suffering. He has based his reasoning on the belief that even if God could kill them, he never would, and because he is almighty, he can see everything they are doing, and thus, they might be subjected to an even worse hell. The third speaker, Mammon, disagrees to both proposals and suggests that they build a kingdom in hell that will someday be equal to Heaven, because open warfare would be unavailing, and they would not want to go back to living in heaven eternally anyway. Finally, Beelzebub proposes that they do neither. He states that war will be futile because there is no place where God does not reign, so instead, Beelzebub tells them of a new race that God created called â€Å"Man†, and suggests that they seek revenge against him by seducing Man to their side. This is the decision that is unanimously agreed upon. All these proposal’s present Milton’s views about the balance of good and evil, as well as his theological beliefs. The first proposal is rejected because open warfare between Heaven and Hell would be ineffective as Heaven and righteousness will always conquer evil. Belial’s proposal is dismissed because the fallen angels would never be forgiven by God because evil will never go away, thus, the fallen angels will always exist. Finally, as Mammon suggests, there will never be peace between Heaven and Hell because Hell will never match up to Heaven’s greatness, and although Hell will always exist, it will always be under God’s control. The reason Beelzebub’s proposal is agreed upon is because Milton believes that Earth, and therefore Mankind, is the neutral, middle-ground between Heaven and Hell, Angels and Devils, as well as good and evil. It therefore serves as an effective battleground for good and evil forces on earth, as well as in the souls and consciences of mankind. The effect of these comparisons gives us further insight into the beliefs of the philosophical and theological elements in Milton’s time period, as well as the relative forces of good and evil, and how they effect the lives of mankind. In conclusion, there are various ways that Milton uses comparison in Paradise Lost, which each have different effects that range from the introduction of multiple interpretations, to simply extending our understanding of the story through vivid imagery. The comparisons that Milton uses are so complex that they are all connected in some way or other, and this alone gives us an even deeper understanding of the theological and philosophical messages conveyed in the poem. Ultimately, Milton’s intension was to tell the story of Man’s fall, and with his comparisons, he has managed to do much more than just that.

Metapardigm concepts of nursing Essay

Introduction. The purpose of this assignment is to identify and explore one of Jacqueline Fawcett’s (1984) metapardigm concepts of nursing that she identifies as being concepts central to nursing and explore how this is expressed in Judith Christensen’s (1990) Nursing Partnership Model. The following discussion seeks to analyse the metaparadigm concept of ‘person’ according to Christensen (1990). To facilitate this, it is important to discover what is meant by metaparadigm and to further explore what a conceptual model is. This will lead to a better understanding of what Fawcett means by the four metaparadigm concepts of nursing. Within the development of nursing theories, there is recognition of common themes and concepts. A concept of a subject is related to the way it is viewed and can be a way of classifying a theme when applied to a particular area (Pearson, Vaughan & Fitzgerald, 1997). Fawcett (1984) identifies the four main concepts or themes central to nursing as including; health, environment, person and nurse. These four concepts, the recurring themes and the inter-relationships between them are described as nursing’s metaparadigm. Metaparadigm is the combination of two words, meta and paradigm. According to Mosby’s (1994) definition, Meta, can mean either â€Å"after or next† or â€Å"change or exchange.† Mosby’s (1994) defines Paradigm as â€Å"a pattern that may serve as a model or example. Chin & Jacobs (1987) identify paradigm as, a generally accepted world view or philosophy, a framework or structure within which theories of the discipline are organized. According to Fawcett (1984), â€Å"a metaparadigm of a discipline is a group of statements identifying its phenomena in a global rather than specific way.† Metaparadigm is â€Å"the most global perspective of a discipline and acts as an encapsulating unit or framework, within which the more restrictive structures work† (Fawcett, 1984, p.5). A conceptual model focuses on the main points of relevance whilst ruling  others to be less important within the metaparadigm. A conceptual model has a set of concepts and statements that allow integration of them into a meaningful configuration. Mosby’s (1994, p.273) description of conceptual model (framework) as, â€Å"a group of concepts that are broadly defined and systematically organised to provide focus, rationale and a tool for the integration and interpretation of information.† In seeking to clarify the meaning and what is meant by the four metaparadigms, Fawcett (1984) describes the ‘health’ concept as the relationship of a person’s degree of illness or wellness. The concept of ‘environment’ is and includes the surroundings or context the person moves in and interacts with e.g. home, work, roles, socio-economic status and the pattern of the person’s life in relation to these things. The concept of ‘person’ is any identity that receives health care, and may include an individual, a family (whanau) or a community (hapu or iwi). Lastly, the concept of ‘nursing’ is the giver or provider of health care and the activities the nurse undertakes that enables this giving to occur. This may include an individual or a system (Fawcett, 1984). Metaparadigm concept ‘Person’ -the work of the patient. Normal life for a person encompasses the ability to accomplish a wide range of activities, including those activities of daily living such as for caring for ones own personal needs, activities that allow social interaction and other activities which enable the person to live and grow (Pearson et al. 1997). If however, when a person becomes hospitalised and the hospital in turn becomes the person’s home, the person needs to relinquish roles and norms and put themselves in the care of hospital staff. The person leaves their familiar surroundings and subsequently withdraws from the full expression of the person’s usual social roles (Christensen, 1990). The Beginning phase: In reaching the point where the person finally reaches the decision to become dependent on a medical expert can be a lengthy and stressful process. Illness is not seen to begin merely when the person encounters a health professional, rather therein lies a significant period of decision making and self directed treatment in an effort by the person to control the illness, bring about symptomatic relief and leading to self healing (Morse & Johnson, 1991). The person may have lived with a period of suffering from ill health for some time because it may not have appeared to be life threatening and one just ‘coped’ with the symptoms. Christensen (1990, p.50) quotes an example of a person with a history of childhood urinary tract infections. â€Å"I just get bad kidney infections -you know -I can hardly walk†¦I just know when it’s coming and when it’s gone†¦I used to go to the Dr. all the time†¦feed me some more rubbish -antibiotics and stuff†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Reaching the point were the person initiates medical help might be something they have considered and deliberated over for some time, because they known that something ‘just isn’t quite right,’ but might have put off due to a fear of the unknown. When the person decides to engage in some form of intervention, the person becomes busy putting their life of normality on hold. They reach a point where they believe the right decision has been reached and they are ready to hand themselves over to the health experts. The person continually recounts and relays each new experience to others. This may include, friends, family or other people who are sharing similar experiences. Such information is shared many times with added information shaping and retesting issues as further information is discussed with the health care professionals. By the time the hospital admission takes place, the person has shared and thus interpreted their experience (Christensen, 1990). This does not mean that a person undergoing hospitalisation suffers no anxiety even when that person has become prepared for the event. Taylor, Lillis & LeMone (1993), found that even from the point of admission into a health care setting, the individual experiences a range of emotions including, anxiety, confusion and concern related to unmet and unfulfilled role obligations left behind. Settling In phase: It takes courage and strength to trust another, for the patient this trust is often placed in a stranger, this can be a trying experience and can jeopardise emotional security. While the person may have met their doctor before, it is still a burden to place such trust in someone else’s hands. Emotional stability, trust and security are desirable and need to be met for the person’s admission into the health care setting (Taylor et al. 1993). Assisting the person to understand and identify ward routine can positively influence this. Christensen (1990, p.66) quotes a patient’s response after having been shown round a ward. â€Å"I’m finding it much easier. I know what’s sort of going to happen†¦I think knowing what the routine was is quite helpful.† It becomes necessary for the person to reveal significant information of a personal nature to members of the health care team. Such disclosure becomes an accepted norm even though this may occur between the person and many strangers numerous times each day. Being able to shed privacy and attend to personal activities in front of others and submitting to intrusion, shows that the person acknowledges the legitimacy of health care workers (Christensen, 1990). The partnership developed between the person and nurse further compounds this, creating a feeling of goodwill and concern for one another (Christensen, 1990). Negotiating the Nursing Partnership phase: The person now looks for techniques that establish a sense of control and ensure inclusion in what is going on. The person now reaches a point whereby there is sense of trust and acquiescence, however the person may attempt to give legitimacy to the situation by trying to overcome inhibitions or lack of control by taking personal responsibility for the outcome of the intervention (Christensen, 1990). In doing so, the person becomes part of the health care team. The person accepts submission to necessary rules and procedures of the health care environment, but it is not always passive. Christensen (1990, p.87)  highlights this by quoting one of several patients. â€Å"My priorities are to make sure I do my bit to make sure this works out because the surgeon has done his bit and the nurse can put drops in. I think the main thing is my own action -not being stupid over the thing, not bending down or jerking†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The person is required to meet many different health care workers. In doing so, the person attempts to co-operate and affiliate with these people while acquiescing to their expertise, fitting in and retaining autonomy (Christensen, 1990). Health professionals and the person must establish a partnership and involvement with one another needs to recognise multiple identities and these need to fit together and be complimentary (Beck, 1997). However, â€Å"acquiescing may be associated with a sense of powerlessness in the presence of the expert person, particularly the surgeon.† (cited in Christensen, 1990 p.97). If a person has trust and confidence in that expert then submission is willingly given (Christensen, 1990). It could be said that the person is the real expert as they are the only one who really knows the role of the patient and context with which that experience occurs. The person has a life outside the health care setting that they will continue when they leave. The health care team in turn, will remain behind (Christensen, 2001, personal communication). Even though a person enters into the health care setting, there can be no assumption that they are totally prepared or agreeable to intervention. New or conflicting information or coping with an unknown environment can raise doubts and that the former consent obtained was quite tenuous (Christensen, 1990). Christensen (1990, p.90) quotes one patient as saying â€Å"it came as bit of a surprise to me when I saw him hospital before the operation, the very day before, when he explained about this vision and that night I didn’t sleep to well. I thought about it quite a bit and thought am I doing the right thing?† Additionally, communication between health care personnel and the person is of great importance, anxiety can result if there is a sense that information is being withheld. The person may adopt the ‘good patient role,’ which is then subsequently reinforced by staff (Curtis, 2000). The ‘good patient’  role is seen as being counter productive to a good recovery. If the person does not take an active role in their own care, it may lead the person to not report a change in symptoms (Curtis, 2000). Patients may feel that by maintaining an outward sign of composure they will invoke a significant feeling of control. Endeavouring to maintain such composure underlies many behaviours of the hospitalised person, such as using humour in a frightening situation to mask nervousness (Christensen, 1990). Christensen (1990, p.92) quotes a number of patients with comments similar to the following that utilise humour. â€Å"Imagine operating all day! I certainly wouldn’t like to be at the end of the day if he was†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Oh, who’s this one? Arm? Leg?† Additionally attending to such activities as personal grooming to the person’s usual standard can be another way of maintaining a sense of normality and composure (Christensen, 1990). Roy & Roberts (1981) theory of ‘the person as an adaptive system’ which puts forward the idea that each person is a system utilising adaptive behaviours to meet changing environmental needs by assuming coping mechanisms (cited in Fawcett, 1984, p.85). Hardship of a temporary nature whilst the person negotiates the passage is an expectation and is generally accepted as part of the process (Christensen, 1990). Pain experienced within the health care setting is expected and tolerated, where as this might not be the case were such an event to occur within the persons home. Pitts & Phillips (1998) say there is little doubt that surgery will involve anticipation of pain for a person, due to the use of needles or knives, or other discomforts post operatively. These things can cause stress but this combined with anxiety and coping maybe extremely hard for the patient even when expected (cited in Curtis, 2000, p.82). â€Å"if I sort of move it around, it can ache a bit. It’s got a suggestion of a little bit of stinging†¦certainly nothing uncomfortable that I can’t tolerate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Christensen (1990, p.104) Once the effects of surgery lessen, the person feels a sense of hope that all is well and the time of discharge is nearing. The person may start to feel  that they are expert enough to assist in meeting the person’s needs. There is development of expertise and wisdom surrounding the person’s condition and this gives rise to being able to self-care in the future (Christensen, 1990). Going Home phase: Discharge from the health care setting does not always indicate a return to life as it was before admission. It maybe just a step on the road to recovery, with much work yet to be done (Christensen, 1990). A cardiac rehabilitation study by Joy Johnson (1988) identified some of the participants as â€Å"raring to go† but were mindful of the need to not â€Å"overdo it† and were aware that life would not be the same (cited in Morse & Johnson, 1991, p.43). Travel arrangements, arranging plans for care, learning about self medication and understanding what to do and recognition of emergency signs and symptoms are all jobs the person must learn in preparation for discharge. Not all persons being discharged experience positive feelings; some negative reactions emerge when a person readies to go home (Christensen, 1990). â€Å"I think you feel as though you are in a different world. That world is going on outside and you’re in this one and it takes a little while to adjust†¦you miss it all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Christensen (1990, p.152). Solidified realisation that their own life may in fact be in their own hands can empower the person to plan, anticipate ahead improving their own outcome. Not withstanding the person is still under the influence of the health care professionals who have instructed them in ways to do this. However, the person can decide for themselves just how much and for how long they will be compliant with the ‘doctors orders’ (Christensen, 1990). The final step is the resumption of autonomy and self-management for the person. â€Å"Torvan and Mogadon and aspirin -I was taking those and I thought it’s one of those that is giving me a headache so I’ve cut them off the last few nights.† Christensen (1990, p.155) Conclusion Fawcett (1984) identified four central themes of nursing which she described as nursing’s metaparadigm. Metaparadigm or generally regarded worldview of commonalities of nursing were identified as, including; health, environment, person and nurse. The discussion focused on Christensen’s (1990) Model of Partnership in relation to the concept of person. The reader has been taken through the persons work which has identified within it specific phases. These phases include acceptance of illness or disease, reaching a decision for action, coping with entering and passing through a period within the context of a health care setting, and finally resuming life as it was prior to the episode of contact, or life as it be following such contact. References Anderson, K. N. Anderson, L. E. & Glonze, W. D. (1994) Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary. (3rd ed.). Mosby, Missouri. Beck, C. S. (1997). Partnership for Health -Building Relationships Between Women & Health Caregivers. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London. Christensen, J. (1990). Partnership for Health -A Model for Nursing Practice. Daphne Brasall Associates Press, Wellington. Curtis, A. J. (2000). Health Psychology. Rutledge, New York. Fawcett, J. (1984). Analysis and Evaluation of Conceptual Models of Nursing. F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia. Fawcett, J. (1984). The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Future Refinements. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, Vol. 16 (3), 84-87. Morse, J. M. & Johnson, J. L. (1991). The Illness Experience -Dimensions of Suffering. Sage Publications, London. Pearson, A. Vaughan, B. & Fitzgerald, M. (1996). Nursing models for practice. (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Taylor, C. Lillis, C. & LeMone, P. (1993). Fundamentals of Nursing -The Art and Science of Nursing Care. (2nd ed.). Mosby, Missouri.

Middle Ages The Beginning of a Rebirth in Literature Essay

Among historians the Middle Ages can appear as a minuscule time period compared to the fall of Rome and the Renaissance, which the Middle Ages conjoins. Historically, it may not have a substantial impact, but it was the beginning of a rebirth in literature. When analyzing works of literature from the Middle Ages, in particular Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur, politics abundantly influence the social structure, outlook, and actions of characters. The politics in the Middle Ages was known as feudalism. Feudalism can be interpreted and understood by a pyramid, illustrated in the image above. Outside of the pyramid is the pope; he has influence over all sectors of the pyramid and complete control of the clergy. The kings were found at the top†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦The coronation took place a few days later, when Arthur swore to rule justly, and the nobles swore him their allegiance† (7). Malory doesn’t only show the different social classes, but also their role compared to the king. The commoners cried and rejoiced the new king, while the nobles and knights bowed down and pledged their allegiance to their new king. They all are publicly displaying their affection and gratitude for all the future king will do. During the Middle Ages, Charlemagne’s Code of Chivalry was documented in ‘The Song of Roland.’ This code became a way of life amid the men of the Middle Ages, routinely seen and vowed upon by the kings, nobles, and knights. 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